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Uzbek lacquer miniature painting
Traveling through Uzbekistan - the "golden segment" of the ancient Great Silk Road - leaves an unforgettable impression of the unique architectural monuments of Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, of the amazing corners of nature, cordiality and hospitality of people living here. And what should the traveler choose as a souvenir in the art salon or in the artisan's shop? Uzbekistan can be called a country for adherers of lacquer miniature painting. Especially popular are jewelry boxes, powder boxes, pencil cases and cigarettes made of papier-mu00e2chu00e9. It is known that the local school of Uzbek lacquer miniature was formed in the era of Temurids. At the end of the XIX century the secrets of its manufacture were lost, and only in the last years of the 20th century traditional artistic techniques and technologies were revived.
The favorite subjects of the arts-musavvirs are devoted to poetic images of Alisher Navoi and Omar Khayyam, scenes of hunting and battle based on epics "Shahname" and "Baburname", depicting folk customs and festivities, musicians and lovers. Uzbek miniature paintings cover small souvenir snuff boxes, blood vessels, chessboards, skin membranes of national timbrels doira.
History of lacqueru00a0painting inu00a0Uzbekistan
The history of the art of lacquered miniature of Uzbekistan goes back. Ancient kind of national craft flourished in Bukhara and Samarkand in the epoch of Temurids. Over time, people began to forget about it, and, unfortunately, most of the works of that time have not reached us.
With the coming of independence in Uzbekistan, the revival of lacquer painting began.
Today, the school of lacquer miniature painting has established in Uzbekistan. Its bright representatives can be found in Tashkent, Bukhara and Samarkand. Uzbek lacquer miniature began to develop as a kind of art craft.
The traditional school of Uzbek lacquer miniature has its own technique and tradition of painting. The ornamental painting and painting in the style of ethnographic plots are sought-after. In recent years, floristics has developed. In the late 70's XX century in Uzbekistan, the revival of traditional lacquer painting on papier-mu00e2chu00e9 ("tosh-kogoz") began. According to medieval technology, to decorate objects with a varnish painting of gold and bronze powder, the ground was prepared with the joining of cherry or apricot glue, which was applied with brushes. Lacquer and paint for papier-mu00e2chu00e9 were made using a complex recipe. The production of papier mache and lacquer painting flourished in Samarkand in the fifteenth century, as evidenced by genuine ornamental medallions of papier-mache, truly miraculously preserved among the clays in the interior of Gur Emir and Bibi Khanum mosque. The golden blue dome in the interior of the main room of Gur Emir, consisting of 998 elements of papier-mu00e2chu00e9, is of great interest. 112 original elements served as material for painstaking restoration work.
There are suggestions that the art of lacquered miniature of Uzbekistan got to Northern India from Samarkand in the 15th century. In India it reached a high level of development and thrives to this day. Articles made of papier-mu00e2chu00e9 are covered with a miniature floral design. Elegant epigraphic inserts were often included in the ornamental composition of the pencil-cases. The painting was applied by thin brushes; the paintings were prepared from gold or bronze powder, from sheet gold and bronze on apricot and cherry glue. The preparation of varnishes and paints had a complex and varied recipe. Though many secrets of the Uzbek lacquer miniature were forgotten, coeval Uzbek artists and folk masters managed to revive this art by finding their own style of painting, while preserving the age-old fundamentals and forms of creating miniatures.
Modern lacquer painting of Uzbekistan uses the Palekh technology and eastern miniature painting. Lacquer decorates a variety of small caskets, pencil-cases for pens and pencils, tables, chess, book roots. The Uzbek miniature painting is done with natural dyes mixed with egg yolk. Today, lacquered items are traditional souvenirs, and the unusually beautiful miniature lacquer painting of modern Uzbek masters often presents the gaze of visitors to numerous exhibitions and museums in Uzbekistan and abroad.
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